Buku Pedalangan Jilid 1 Kelas 10 SMK

Materi Pedalangan Jilid 1

SAMBUTAN DIREKTUR ......................................................... i
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................ v
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ....................................................... xii
ABSTRAK .............................................................................. xvii
PETA KOMPETENSI ............................................................. xviii

BAB I SENI PEDALANGAN............................................ 1
1.1 Pedalangan ........................................................... 1
1.1.1 Arti Istilah Dalang .................................................. 1
1.1.2 Peranan Dalang..................................................... 2
1.1.3 Klasifikasi Dalang .................................................. 3
1.1.4 Tugas Dalang ........................................................ 4
1.1.5 Sifat Dalang ........................................................... 5
1.2 Larangan-larangan yang Patut dihindari
Dalang...................... ............................................. 5
1.3 Unsur – unsur Seni Pedalangan............................ 5
1.3.1 Seni Drama............................................................ 6
1.3.2 Seni Lukis atau Seni Rupa .................................... 6
1.3.3 Seni Tatah (Pahat) atau Seni Kriya ....................... 6
1.3.4 Seni Sastra ............................................................ 6
1.3.5 Seni Suara ............................................................. 7
1.3.6 Seni Tari ................................................................ 7
1.3.7 Seni Karawitan ...................................................... 7
1.3.8 Ragam Penyajian Seni Pedalangan ...................... 8
1.4 Gaya Penyajian Seni Pedalangan ......................... 9

BAB II SEJARAH WAYANG DAN JENIS DALAM SENI
PEWAYANGAN.......................................... .......... 12
2.1 Pewayangan .......................................................... 12
2.2 Sejarah Seni Pewayangan .................................... 12
2.3 Jenis wayang ......................................................... 16
2.3.1 Wayang Beber ....................................................... 17
2.3.2 Wayang Purwa ...................................................... 17
2.3.2.1 Wayang Rontal ...................................................... 18
2.3.2.2 Wayang Kertas ...................................................... 29
2.3.2.3 Wayang Beber Purwa............................................ 29
2.3.2.4 Wayang Demak ..................................................... 29
2.3.2.5 Wayang Keling ...................................................... 29
2.3.2.6 Wayang Jengglong ................................................ 20
2.3.2.7 Wayang Kidang Kencana ...................................... 20
2.3.2.8 Wayang Purwa Gedog.......................................... 21
2.3.2.9 Wayang Kulit Purwa Cirebon................................. 21
2.3.2.10 Wayang Kulit Purwa Jawa Timur........................... 23
2.3.2.11 Wayang Golek ....................................................... 27
2.3.2.12 Wayang Krucil ...................................................... 30
2.3.2.13 Wayang Sabrangan ............................................... 31
2.3.2.14 Wayang Rama ....................................................... 31
2.3.2.15 Wayang Kaper ....................................................... 32
2.3.2.16 Wayang Tasripin.................................................... 32
2.3.2.17 Wayang Kulit Betawi atau Wayang Tambun ......... 32
2.3.2.18 Wayang Ukur ......................................................... 34
2.3.2.19 Wayang Dolanan atau (Mainan) ............................ 35
2.3.2.20 Wayang Batu atau Wayang Candi ........................ 36
2.3.2.21 Wayang Sandosa .................................................. 37
2.3.2.22 Wayang Wong (Orang ........................................... 38
2.3.3 Wayang Madya...................................................... 38
2.3.4 Wayang Gedog...................................................... 41
2.3.4.1 Wayang Klithik ....................................................... 42
2.3.4.2 Langendriyan ......................................................... 43
2.3.5 Wayang Menak...................................................... 47
2.3.6 Wayang Babad ...................................................... 48
2.3.6.1 Wayang Kuluk ....................................................... 48
2.3.6.2 Wayang Dupara..................................................... 48
2.3.6.3 Wayang Jawa ........................................................ 49
2.3.7 Wayang Moderen .................................................. 50
2.3.7.1 Wayang Wahana ................................................... 50
2.3.7.2 Wayang Kancil....................................................... 51
2.3.7.3 Wayang Wahyu ..................................................... 51
2.3.7.4 Wayang Dobel ....................................................... 52
2.3.7.5 Wayang Pancasila ................................................. 52
2.3.7.6 Wayang Sejati ....................................................... 54
2.3.7.7 Wayang Budha ...................................................... 54
2.3.7.8 Wayang Jemblung ................................................. 54
2.3.7.9 Wayang Sadat ....................................................... 54
2.3.8 Wayang Topeng .................................................... 56
2.3.8.1 Topeng Malang...................................................... 56
2.3.8.2 Topeng Dalang Madura ......................................... 57
2.3.8.3 Topeng Jawa ......................................................... 57
2.3.8.4 Wayang Wong ....................................................... 58
2.3.8.5 Topeng Cirebon ..................................................... 58
2.3.8.6 Topeng Betawi....................................................... 58
2.4 Keindahan Wayang ............................................... 59
2.4.1 Wujud Wayang ...................................................... 59
2.4.2 Wanda Wayang ..................................................... 60
2.4.3.1 Busana Bagian Atas hingga Pinggang .................. 62
2.4.3.2 Busana Bagian Bawah .......................................... 80
2.5 Wayang Kayon ...................................................... 84
2.5.1 Bentuk Kayon ........................................................ 86
2.5.1.1 Bentuk Segitiga ..................................................... 86
2.5.1.2 Bentuk Segiempat ................................................. 87
2.5.2 Fungsi Kayon......................................................... 91

BAB III SASTRA PEDALANGAN..................................... 92
3.1 Sastra Pedalangan ................................................ 92
3.2 Suluk Wayang ....................................................... 93
3.2.1 Mijil ........................................................................ 105
3.2.2 Suluk Wujil ............................................................. 108
3.2.3 Suluk Malang Semirang ....................................... 110
3.3 Sastra Lakon......................................................... 112
3.3.1 Tantu Panggelaran ................................................ 112
3.3.2 Tantri Kamandaka ................................................. 113
3.3.3 Kunjarakarna ......................................................... 115
3.3.4 Kitab Utara Kandha ............................................... 116
3.3.5 Korawaçrama ........................................................ 116
3.3.6 Kitab Bharatayuda (saduran baru)........................ 117
3.3.7 Sena Gelung.......................................................... 118
3.3.8 Sastra Berbentuk Kakawin .................................... 121
3.3.8.1 Kresnayana ........................................................... 121
3.3.8.2 Gathutkaca Sraya .................................................. 121
3.3.8.3 Harjuna Wiwaha .................................................... 122
3.3.8.4 Smaradahana ........................................................ 122
3.3.8.5 Bomakwya ............................................................. 123
3.3.8.6 Sutasoma .............................................................. 124
3.3.8.7 Parthayadnya ........................................................ 125
3.4 Sastra Gending...................................................... 126
3.4.1 Cakepan ................................................................ 126
3.4.2 Bawa/Buka ............................................................ 127
3.4.3 Jineman ................................................................. 127
3.4.4 Umpak ................................................................... 127
3.4.5 Senggakan ............................................................ 127
3.4.6 Gerong................................................................... 128
3.4.7 Sindenan ............................................................... 129
3.4.8 Irama ..................................................................... 130
3.4.9 Cengkok ................................................................ 130
3.4.10 Merong .................................................................. 130
3.4.11 Pedhotan ............................................................... 130
3.5 Sastra Antawacana ............................................... 131
3.5.1 Janturan................................................................. 131
3.5.2 Ginem .................................................................... 135
3.5.3 Pocapan ................................................................ 138

BAB IV SILSILAH TOKOH WAYANG.............................. 143
4.1 Definisi Silsilah ...................................................... 143
4.1.1 Maksud Adanya Silsilah ........................................ 143
4.1.2 Penampilan Silsilah ............................................... 145
4.2 Silsilah Bharata...................................................... 146
4.2.1 Silsilah Bharata Versi Pustaka Raja Purwa ........... 148
4.2.2 Silsilah Ramayana ................................................. 151
4.2.3 Silsilah Raja-raja Lokapala .................................... 154
4.2.4 Silsilah Raja-raja Alengka...................................... 157
4.2.5 Silsilah Raja-raja Mahespati .................................. 159
4.2.6 Silsilah Raja-raja Wiratha ...................................... 163
4.2.7 Silsilah Abiyasa ..................................................... 167
4.2.8 Silsilah Mandura .................................................... 168
4.2.9 Silsilah Para Dewa ................................................ 172
4.2.10 Silsilah Resaseputra .............................................. 175

BAB V SUMBER CERITA................................................. 176
5.1 Sumber Cerita ....................................................... 176
5.1.1 Cerita Ramayana................................................... 178
5.1.2 Cerita Mahabharata ............................................... 181
5.1.3 Sumber Sastra Lain ............................................... 188
5.1.3.1 Kitab Menak........................................................... 189
5.1.3.2 Kitab Manikmaya ................................................... 189
5.1.3.3 Kitab Sudamala ..................................................... 192
5.2 Lakon ..................................................................... 193
5.2.1 Tipe Lakon ............................................................. 193
5.2.2 Pemeran Lakon ..................................................... 194
5.2.3 Peran ..................................................................... 195
5.2.4 Jenis-Jenis Peran Wayang .................................... 203
5.2.4.1 Gagahan ................................................................ 203
5.2.4.2 Alusan.................................................................... 204
5.2.5 Penokohan ............................................................ 205
5.2.6 Karakter ................................................................. 205
5.2.7 Rasaksa................................................................. 206
5.3 Cerita Pernikahan .................................................. 209
5.3.1 Kerangka Cerita Angkawijaya Krama .................... 209
5.3.2 Cerita Kelahiran ..................................................... 216
5.3.2.1 Angkawijaya Lahir ................................................. 216
5.3.2.2 Wisanggeni Lahir ................................................... 217
5.3.2.3 Sena Bungkus ....................................................... 217
5.3.3 Rebut Negara ........................................................ 219
5.3.4 Cerita Wahyu ......................................................... 220
5.3.4.1 Wahyu Cakraningkrat ............................................ 221
5.3.4.2 Wahyu Purbasejati ................................................ 226
5.3.4.3 Wahyu Makutharama ............................................ 227
5.3.4.4 Wahyu Senapati .................................................... 229
5.3.5 Ruwatan ................................................................ 230
5.3.5.1 Juru Ruwat ............................................................ 231
5.3.5.2 Janma Sukerta ...................................................... 232
5.3.5.3 Cerita Ruwatan ...................................................... 233
5.3.5.4 Perlengkapan Ruwatan ......................................... 236
5.4 Sumber Cerita Wayang Jawa Timuran.................. 239
5.4.1 Dasamuka Lahir .................................................... 240
5.4.2 Berdirinya Kerajaan Mahespati ............................. 251
5.4.3 Lakon Icir Kraton ................................................... 256
5.4.4 Dewabrata lahir ..................................................... 262

BAB VI SABET WAYANG................................................. 268
6.1 Sabet ..................................................................... 268
6.2 Tancepan............................................................... 268
6.3 Cepengan .............................................................. 270
6.3.1 Pedoman Cepengan.............................................. 270
6.3.2 Cepengan Nyempurit............................................. 271
6.3.3 Cepengan Sedeng................................................. 271
6.3.4 Cepengan Ngepok................................................. 271
6.3.5 Cepengen Njagal ................................................... 272
6.4 Bedholan dan Solah Wayang ................................ 274
6.5 Ragam Gerak ........................................................ 274
6.5.1 Ragam Gerak Manusia.......................................... 274
6.5.2 Ragam Gerak Raksasa ......................................... 275
6.5.3 Ragam Gerak Wanara........................................... 275
6.5.4 Ragam Gerak Bermacam Binatang....................... 275
6.5.5 Ragam Gerak Kayon ............................................. 276
6.5.5.1 Ragam Beksan Kayon Sepisanan ......................... 276
6.5.5.2 Ragam Gerak Ajar Kayon...................................... 278
6.6 Ragam Gerak Wayang Jawatimuran dalam Jejer
Pertama ................................................................. 278
6.6.1 Ragam Gerak Beksan Emban Sepisanan ............. 278
6.6.2 Ragam Gerak Wayang Beksan Punggawa ........... 278
6.7 Ragam Gerak Wayang Perang Jawatimuran ........ 279
6.7.1 Perang Gagahan ................................................... 279
6.7.2 Perang Alusan ....................................................... 279
6.7.3 Ragam Gerak Samberan....................................... 280

BAB VII TATA PANGGUNG............................................... 284
7.1 Tata Panggung ...................................................... 284
7.1.1 Panggung Wayang ................................................ 284
7.1.1.1 Kelir ....................................................................... 284
7.1.1.2 Gawang ................................................................. 285
7.1.1.3 Gedebog ................................................................ 286
7.1.1.4 Bagian-bagian gedebog wayang ........................... 286
7.1.2 Panggung Dalang .................................................. 288
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7.1.2.1 Kotak ..................................................................... 288
7.1.2.2 Belencong.............................................................. 289
7.1.2.3 Keprak ................................................................... 289
7.1.2.4 Cempala ................................................................ 291
7.1.2.5 Eblek...................................................................... 292
7.1.3 Panggung Gamelan............................................... 293

BAB VIII TATA IRINGAN..................................................... 299
8.1. Pengertian Dan Fungsi Iringan Pedalangan.......... 299
8.2. Garap Gending Dan Unsur-Unsurnya ................... 299
8.2.1. Patet ...................................................................... 299
8.2.2. Irama ..................................................................... 300
8.2.3. Laras ..................................................................... 301
8.2.4. Harmoni ................................................................. 302
8.3. Nama Instrumen Dan Fungsinya ........................... 302
8.3.1. Rebab .................................................................... 302
8.3.2. Kendang ................................................................ 303
8.3.3. Gender................................................................... 304
8.3.4. Bonang .................................................................. 305
8.3.5. Slentem ................................................................. 306
8.3.6. Demung ................................................................. 307
8.3.7. Saron ..................................................................... 308
8.3.8. Saron Penerus (Peking) ........................................ 308
8.3.9. Ketuk Dan Kenong ................................................ 309
8.3.10. Kempul Dan Gong ................................................. 310
8.3.11. Gambang ............................................................... 310
8.3.12. Siter ....................................................................... 315
8.3.13. Suling..................................................................... 315
8.4. Iringan Pedalangan .............................................. 315
8.4.1. Patetan .................................................................. 315
8.4.2. Gending Pembuka (Wiwitan/Patalon).................... 312
8.4.3. Gending Jejer (Adegan Panggungan) ................... 313
8.4.4. Pelungan Atau Drojogan ....................................... 313
8.4.5. Gending Tamu ....................................................... 314
8.4.6. Bedhol Panggung – Sanggar Pamujan ................. 314
8.4.7. Ajar Kayon – Budhalan .......................................... 315
8.4.8. Perang Gagahan Atau Dugangan ......................... 315
8.4.9. Undur-Unduran Minta Sraya.................................. 315
8.4.10. Jejer Pathet Wolu – Gara-Gara ............................. 316
8.4.11. Gending Perang (Buto Begal) ............................... 317
8.4.12. Jejer Pathet Sanga – Pertapan............................. 317
8.4.13. Adegan Candhakan ............................................... 317
8.4.14. Brubuhan ............................................................... 317
8.4.15. Gending Pamungkas ............................................. 318
8.5. Gadhingan ............................................................. 318
8.5.1. Pengertian Dan Fungsi Gadhingan ....................... 318
8.5.2. Jenis Gadhingan Dan Penggunaannya ................. 319
8.5.2.1. Gadhingan Ajar Kayon .......................................... 319
8.5.2.2. Gadhingan Abur-Aburan........................................ 319
8.5.2.3. Gadhingan Wayang Nesu.....................................320
8.5.2.4. Gadhingan Wayang Tantang-Tantangan .............. 320
8.5.2.5. Gadhingan Wayang Matak Aji ............................... 321
8.5.2.6. Gadhingan Serang ................................................ 321
8.6. Bendhengan Dan Sulukan Atau Sendhon ............. 322
8.7. Notasi Gending ...................................................... 322
8.7.1. Gending Ayak Talu Slendro Patet Sepuluh ........... 322
8.7.2. Gending Jejer Slendro Patet Sepuluh ................... 324
8.7.3. Gending Gedhog Tamu Slendro Patet Wolu ......... 325
8.7.4. Gending Bedhol Panggung ................................... 326
8.7.4.1. Untuk Suasana Normal Atau Lazim ...................... 326
8.7.4.2. Untuk Suasana Sedih Atau Nglangut .................... 326
8.7.5. Ajar Kayon – Budhalan .......................................... 327
8.7.6. Perang Aap-Alapan ............................................... 327
8.7.7. Perang Krucilan ..................................................... 328

BAB IX NASKAH............................................................... 329
9.1 Pakeliran Padat ..................................................... 329
9.2 Pakeliran seamalam-Suntuk.................................. 330
9.3 Skenario ................................................................ 330
9.3.1 Pathet Nem............................................................ 331
9.3.2 Pathet Sanga ......................................................... 332
9.3.3 Pathet Manyura ..................................................... 332
9.4 Naskah Pertunjukkan Wayang Semalam Suntuk gaya
Jawatimuran dalam cerita Resa Seputra............... 334

PENUTUP ............................................................................... 418
LAMPIRAN A DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN B DAFTAR NAMA-NAMA KURAWA