Buku Seni Teater Jilid 1 Kelas 10 SMK

Materi Seni Teater Jilid 1

Kata Sambutan ……………………………………………………... ii
Kata Pengantar .............................................................................. iii
Daftar Isi ......................................................................................... iv
Sinopsis........................................................................................... xiv
Deskripsi Konsep Penulisan ........................................................... xvii
Peta Kompetensi ............................................................................. xix

JILID 1
BAB I PENGETAHUAN TEATER
1. Definisi Teater .................................................................. 1
2. Sejarah Singkat Teater ..................................................... 4
2.1. Teater Barat ..................................................................... 4
2.1.1 Asal Mula Teater ............................................................... 4
2.1.2 Teater Yunani Klasik ......................................................... 5
2.1.3 Teater Romawi Klasik ...................................................... 7
2.1.4 Teater Abad Pertengahan ................................................ 9
2.1.5 Renaissance ..................................................................... 11
2.1.6 Teater Zaman Elizabeth ................................................... 12
2.1.7 Teater Abad 17 di Spanyol dan Perancis ......................... 14
2.1.8 Teater Restorasi di Ingris .................................................. 16
2.1.9 Teater Abad 18 ..................................................................17
2.1.10 Teater Awal Abad ke-19 ....................................................19
2.1.11 Teater Abad 19 dan Realisme ...........................................20
2.1.12 Teater Abad 20 ..................................................................22
2.2 Teater Indonesia ................................................................23
2.2.1 Teater Tradisional ..............................................................23
2.2.1.1 Wayang ............................................................................. 24
2.2.1.2 Wayang Wong ...................................................................25
2.2.1.3 Makyong ........................................................................... 26
2.2.1.4. Randai .............................................................................. 27
2.2.1.5 Mamanda ......................................................................... 28
2.2.1.6 Lenong .............................................................................. 28
2.2.1.7 Longser ............................................................................. 29
2.2.1.8 Ubrug ................................................................................ 30
2.2.1.9 Ketoprak ........................................................................... 30
2.2.1.10 Ludruk ............................................................................. 31
2.2.1.11 Gambuh ............................................................................ 32
2.2.1.12 Arja ................................................................................... 33
2.2.2 Teater Modern .................................................................. 34
2.2.2.1 Teater Transisi .................................................................. 34
2.2.2.2 Teater Indonesia Tahun 1920-an ......................................35
2.2.2.3 Teater Indonesia Tahun 1940-an ......................................35
2.2.2.4 Teater Indonesia Tahun 1950-an ......................................38
2.2.2.5 Teater Indonesia Tahun 1970-an ......................................39
2.2.2.6 Teater Indonesia Tahun 1980-1990-an............................. 42
2.2.2.7 Teater Kontemporer Indonesia ........................................ 43

3. Unsur Pembentuk Teater .................................................. 44
3.1 Naskah Lakon ................................................................... 44
3.2 Sutradara .......................................................................... 44
3.3 Pemain .............................................................................. 45
3.4 Penonton .......................................................................... 46
3.5 Tata Artistik ....................................................................... 47

4. Jenis Teater ...................................................................... 47
4.1 Teater Boneka .................................................................. 47
4.2 Drama Musikal .................................................................. 48
4.3 Teater Gerak ..................................................................... 49
4.4 Teater Dramatik ................................................................ 50
4.5 Teatrikalisasi Puisi ............................................................ 51

5. Gaya Pementasan ............................................................ 52
5.1 Presentasional .................................................................. 52
5.2 Representasional (Realisme)............................................ 53
5.3 Gaya Post-Realistic .......................................................... 55


BAB II LAKON
1. Tema ................................................................................ 61
2. Plot .................................................................................... 64
2.1 Jenis Plot .......................................................................... 66
2.1.1 Simple Plot ....................................................................... 66
2.1.2 Multi Plot .......................................................................... 67
2.2 Anatomi Plot ..................................................................... 67
2.2.1 Gimmick ............................................................................ 67
2.2.2 Fore Shadowing ............................................................... 69
2.2.3 Dramatic Irony .................................................................. 69
2.2.4 Flashback ......................................................................... 70
2.2.5 Suspen .............................................................................. 71
2.2.6 Surprise ............................................................................ 72
2.2.7 Gestus .............................................................................. 72

3. Seting ............................................................................... 73
3.1 Latar Tempat .................................................................... 73
3.2 Latar Waktu ...................................................................... 74
3.3 Latar Peristiwa ................................................................. 75
4. Struktur Dramatik .............................................................. 76
4.1 Piramida Freytag .............................................................. 76
4.2 Skema Hudson ................................................................. 79
4.3 Tensi Dramatik .................................................................. 80
4.4 Turning Point .................................................................... 82

5. Tipe Lakon ........................................................................ 83
5.1 Drama ............................................................................... 83
5.2 Tragedi .............................................................................. 84
5.3 Komedi .............................................................................. 86
5.4 Satir .................................................................................. 88
5.5 Melodrama ........................................................................ 89

6. Penokohan ....................................................................... 90
6.1 Peran ................................................................................ 90
6.2 Jenis Karakter ................................................................... 91

BAB III PENYUTRADARAAN
1. Menentukan Lakon ........................................................... 97
1.1 Naskah Jadi ...................................................................... 97
1.2 Membuat Naskah Sendiri ................................................. 98

2. Analisis Lakon ................................................................... 99
2.1 Analisis Dasar ................................................................... 100
2.2 Interpretasi ....................................................................... 101
2.3 Konsep Pementasan ...................................................... 103

3. Memilih Pemain ............................................................... 105
3.1 Fisik ................................................................................. 105
3.2 Kecakapan ...................................................................... 106

4. Menentukan Bentuk dan Gaya Pementasan .................. 107
4.1 Menurut Penuturan Cerita ............................................... 107
4.1.1 Berdasar Naskah Lakon .................................................. 107
4.1.2 Improvisasi ...................................................................... 109
4.2 Menurut Bentuk Penyajian............................................... 111
4.2.1 Teater Gerak ................................................................... 111
4.2.2 Teater Boneka ................................................................ 112
4.2.3 Teater Dramatik .............................................................. 113
4.2.4 Drama Musikal ................................................................ 115
4.2.5 Teatrikalisasi Puisi ........................................................... 116
4.3 Menurut Gaya Penyajian ................................................. 117
4.3.1 Konvensional .................................................................... 117
4.3.2 Non Konvensional ............................................................ 119
5. Blocking ........................................................................... 120
5.1 Pembagian Area Panggung ............................................ 121
5.2 Komposisi ........................................................................ 123
5.2.1 Simetris ........................................................................... 123
5.2.2 Asimetris .......................................................................... 123
5.2.3 Keseimbangan ................................................................. 124
5.3. Fokus ............................................................................... 125
5.3.1 Prinsip Dasar ................................................................... 125
5.3.2 Teknik .............................................................................. 129
5.3.2.1 Memanfaatkan Area Panggung ....................................... 129
5.3.2.2 Memanfaatkan Tata Panggung ........................................ 132
5.3.2.3 Trianggulasi ...................................................................... 134
5.3.2.4 Individu dan Kelompok ..................................................... 136
5.3.2.5 Kelompok Besar ............................................................... 139
5.4 Mobilitas Pemain ............................................................. 142

6. Latihan-latihan ................................................................. 143
6.1 Membaca Teks................................................................. 143
6.2 Menghapal ....................................................................... 144
6.3 Merancang Blocking ........................................................ 145
6.4 Stop and Go .................................................................... 146
6.5 Top-tail ............................................................................ 147
6.6 Run-through..................................................................... 147
6.7 Latihan Teknik ................................................................. 147
6.8 Dress Rehearsal ............................................................. 149

JILID 2
BAB IV PEMERANAN

1. Olah Tubuh ..................................................................... 151
1.1 Persiapan ........................................................................ 154
1.2 Pemanasan ..................................................................... 156
1.2.1 Pemanasan Jari dan Pergelangan Tangan...................... 156
1.2.2 Pemanasan Siku ............................................................. 157
1.2.3 Pemanasan Bahu ............................................................ 158
1.2.4 Pemanasan Leher ........................................................... 158
1.2.5 Pemanasan Batang Tubuh ............................................ 159
1.2.6 Pemanasan Tungkai Kaki dan Punggung....................... 160
1.2.7 Pemanasan Pergelangan Kaki, Tungkai, Punggung....... 162
1.3. Latihan Inti ...................................................................... 163
1.3.1 Ketahanan ...................................................................... 163
1.3.1.1 Otot Perut ...................................................................... 164
1.3.1.2 Otot Perut dan Pinggang ................................................ 165 1.3.1.3 Kaki, Lutut, dan Tangan ................................................. 166
1.3.1.4 Lengan, Bahu, dan Dada ............................................... 167
1.3.2 Kelenturan ....................................................................... 168
1.3.2.1 Cembung, Cekung, dan Datar Tulang Punggung ........... 168
1.3.2.2 Membulat, Mencekung, dan Melurus .............................. 169
1.3.2.3 Menggulung dan Melepas .............................................. 170
1.3.2.4 Ayunan Bandul Tubuh Atas ............................................. 171
1.3.3 Ketangkasan.................................................................... 172
1.3.3.1 Latihan Cermin ................................................................ 173
1.3.3.2 Latihan Kuda-Kuda .......................................................... 173
1.3.3.3 Menangkis Pukulan ......................................................... 174
1.3.3.4 Membalas Serangan Dengan Tebangan .......................... 175
1.3.3.5 Putaran Pergelangan Tangan Merusak Posisi Lawan...... 175
1.3.3.6 Pemakaian Satu Tangan ................................................. 176
1.3.3.7 Tangkisan Dengan Kombinasi Tendangan Kaki.............. 176
1.3.3.8 Gerak Memotong Lawan .................................................. 177
1.3.3.9 Pukulan Balasan Dari Luar .............................................. 178
1.3.3.10 Melutut Lawan ................................................................ 178
1.3.3.11 Pukulan Balasan ke Dalam ............................................. 179
1.3.3.12 Gerak Dorongan ke Samping .......................................... 179
1.3.3.13 Menangkis dan Menyerang Tendangan .......................... 180
1.3.3.14 Melumpuhkan Lawan Dengan Kaki ................................. 180
1.3.3.15 Bela Diri Terhadap Serangan Pisau ................................ 181
1.4 Pendinginan .................................................................... 183
1.5 Relaksasi .......................................................................... 186
1.5.1 Dhanurasana (Pose Busur) .............................................. 187
1.5.2 Garudasana (Pose Garuda).............................................. 188
1.5.3 Pavartasana (Pose Gunung) ........................................... 188
1.5.4 Sirshasana ( Rajanya Pose) ............................................. 189
1.5.5 Sarvangasana .................................................................. 190
1.5.6 Matyasana ( Pose Ikan) .................................................. 191
1.5.7 Salabhasana (Pose Belalang)......................................... 192
1.5.8 Bhujangasana ( Pose Cobra) .......................................... 193
1.5.9 Suryanamaskar ( Pose Hormat pada Cahaya) ................ 193

2. Olah Suara ....................................................................... 195
2.1 Persiapan ........................................................................ 196
2.2 Pemanasan ..................................................................... 197
2.2.1 Senam Wajah .................................................................. 197
2.2.2 Senam Lidah ................................................................... 199
2.2.3 Senam Rahang Bawah .................................................... 200
2.2.4 Latihan Tenggorokan ....................................................... 201
2.2.5 Berbisik ............................................................................ 201
2.2.6 Bergumam ....................................................................... 202
2.2.7 Bersenandung ................................................................. 202
2.3 Latihan-latihan ................................................................ 202
2.3.1 Pernafasan ...................................................................... 202
2.3.1.1 Latihan Pernafasan Dasar................................................ 203
2.3.1.2 Latihan Pernafasan Perut ................................................. 204
2.3.1.3 Latihan Pernafasan Dada ............................................... 204
2.3.1.4 Latihan Pernafasan Diafragma ....................................... 205
2.3.2 Diksi ............................................................................... 206
2.3.2.1 Latihan Membedakan Huruf ............................................ 206
2.3.2.2 Latihan Kata ................................................................... 207
2.3.2.3 Latihan Kalimat ............................................................... 208
2.3.3 Artikulasi ........................................................................ 208
2.3.3.1 Latihan Huruf .................................................................. 209
2.3.3.2 Latihan Kata ................................................................... 209
2.3.3.3 Latihan Kalimat ............................................................... 210
2.3.4 Intonasi ........................................................................... 212
2.3.4.1 Jeda ................................................................................ 212
2.3.4.2 Tempo ............................................................................. 213
2.3.4.3 Timbre ............................................................................. 214
2.3.4.4 Nada ................................................................................ 214
2.3.5 Wicara .............................................................................. 216
2.4 Relaksasi .......................................................................... 219
2.4.1 Relaksasi Pada Olah Vokal .............................................. 219

3. Olah Rasa ...................................................................... 220
3.1 Konsentrasi .................................................................... 220
3.1.1 Konsentrasi Dengan Panca Indera .................................. 221
3.1.1.1 Indera Penglihat ................................................................ 221
3.1.1.2 Indera Pencium ................................................................ 221
3.1.1.3 Indera Pendengaran ........................................................ 222
3.1.1.4 Indera Pengecap ............................................................. 222
3.1.1.5 Indera Perasa Atau Peraba .............................................. 222
3.1.2 Latihan Konsentrasi Dengan Permainan ......................... 223
3.1.2.1 Hitung 20 ......................................................................... 223
3.1.2.2 Bebek, 2 Kaki, Kwek,....................................................... 223
3.1.2.3 Hitung Bilangan Prima ..................................................... 223
3.1.2.4 Boom ................................................................................ 224
3.2 Gesture ............................................................................ 224
3.2.1 Gesture Dengan Tangan .................................................. 225
3.2.2 Gesture Dengan Badan ................................................... 226
3.2.3 Gesture Dengan Kepala .................................................. 226
3.2.4 Gesture Dengan Kaki ...................................................... 227
3.2.5 Latihan-Latihan Gesture ................................................. 227
3.2.5.1 Latihan Gesture Dengan Pose ........................................ 227
3.2.5.2 Latihan Gesture Dengan Jalan ........................................ 227
3.2.5.3 Latihan Gesture Dengan Permainan ............................... 227
3.3 Imajinasi ........................................................................... 228
3.3.1 Latihan Imajinasi Dengan Asosiasi .................................. 229
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3.3.2 Latihan Imajinasi Dengan Stimulus .................................. 229
3.3.3 Latihan Imajinasi Tanpa Stimulus ..................................... 230
3.3.4 Latihan Imajinasi Dengan Permainan ............................... 231
4. Teknik Dasar Pemeranan ................................................. 232
4.1 Teknik Muncul ................................................................ 233
4.1.1 Latihan Teknik Muncul .................................................... 233
4.2 Teknik Memberi Isi .......................................................... 234
4.2.1 Latihan-latihan Teknik Memberi Isi ................................. 235
4.3 Teknik Pengembangan ................................................... 236
4.3.1 Latihan-Latihan Teknik Pengembangan .......................... 236
4.4 Teknik Membina Puncak-Puncak ..................................... 238
4.4.1 Latihan-Latihan Teknik Membina Puncak ........................ 239
4.5 Teknik Timing .................................................................. 240
4.5.1 Latihan-Latihan Teknik Timing ........................................ 240
4.6 Teknik Menonjolkan ......................................................... 241
4.6.1 Latihan-Latihan Teknik Penonjolan ................................. 241
4.7 Teknik Pengulangan ....................................................... 243
4.7.1 Latihan-Latihan Teknik Pengulangan .............................. 243
4.8 Teknik Improvisasi ........................................................... 244
4.8.1 Latihan-Latihan Improvisasi ............................................. 244

5. Penghayatan Karakter .................................................... 246
5.1 Analisis Karakter .............................................................. 246
5.1.1 Segi Historis ..................................................................... 247
5.1.2 Segi Sosiologis ................................................................. 249
5.1.3 Segi Psikologis ................................................................. 250
5.1.4 Segi Fisiologis ................................................................... 252
5.1.5 Segi Moral ......................................................................... 253
5.2 Observasi .......................................................................... 254
5.3 Interpretasi ....................................................................... 255
5.4 Ingatan Emosi .................................................................. 256
5.4.1 Latihan-Latihan Ingatan Emosi ........................................ 258
5.5 Irama ................................................................................ 259
5.6 Pendekatan Karakter Peran.............................................. 260
5.6.1 Mengumpulkan Tindakan Pokok Peran ........................... 261
5.6.2 Mengumpulkan Sifat dan Watak Peran ........................... 261
5.6.3 Mencari Penonjolan Karakter .......................................... 262
5.6.4 Mencari Makna Dialog ..................................................... 262
5.6.5 Menciptakan Gerak Ekspresi ........................................... 263
5.6.6 Menentukan Timing .......................................................... 263
5.6.7 Mempertimbangkan Teknik Pengucapan ......................... 264
5.6.8 Merancang Garis Permainan ........................................... 264
5.6.9 Mengkompromikan Rancangan Peran ............................. 265
5.6.10 Menciptakan Bisnis Akting dan Blocking .......................... 265
5.6.11 Menghidupkan Peran dengan Imajinasi ........................... 266
5.6.12 Mengasah Faktor Ilham dan Imajinatif ............................. 266
5.7 Melaksanakan Pemeranan .............................................. 267
5.7.1 Pantomim ........................................................................ 267
5.7.2 Monolog .......................................................................... 269
5.7.3 Mendongeng ................................................................... 269
5.7.4 Memainkan Fragmen ...................................................... 270
5.7.5 Memainkan Drama Pendek ............................................ 271
5.7.6 Memainkan Drama Panjang ........................................... 271

BAB V TATA ARTISTIK

1. Tata Rias ......................................................................... 273
1.1 Fungsi Tata Rias ............................................................. 273
1.1.1 Menyempurnakan Penampilan Wajah ............................ 273
1.1.2 Menggambarkan Karakter Tokoh ................................... 274
1.1.3 Memberi Efek Gerak Pada Ekspresi Pemain .................. 274
1.1.4 Menghadirkan Garis Wajah Sesuai Dengan Tokoh........ 274
1.1.5 Menambah Aspek Dramatik ............................................ 274
1.2 Jenis Tata Rias ................................................................ 275
1.2.1 Tata Rias Korektif ............................................................ 275
1.2.2 Tata Rias Fantasi ........................................................... 275
1.2.3 Tata Rias karakter ........................................................... 277
1.3 Bahan dan Peralatan Tata Rias ....................................... 278
1.3.1 Bahan Tata Rias .............................................................. 278
1.3.2 Peralatan Tata Rias ......................................................... 281
1.4 Praktek Tata Rias ............................................................ 284
1.4.1 Persiapan......................................................................... 284
1.4.1.1 Perencanaan ................................................................... 284
1.4.1.2 Persiapan Tempat ........................................................... 285
1.4.1.3 Persiapan Bahan dan Peralatan ..................................... 285
1.4.1.4 Persiapan Pemain ........................................................... 285
1.4.2 Desain ............................................................................. 286
1.4.3 Merias .............................................................................. 289
1.4.3.1 Tata Rias Korektif ............................................................ 289
1.4.3.2 Tata Rias Fantasi ............................................................. 299
1.4.3.3 Tata Rias Karakter ........................................................... 302

2. Tata Busana .................................................................... 310
2.1 Fungsi Tata Busana ........................................................ 310
2.1.1 Mencitrakan Keindahan Penampilan ............................... 311
2.1.2 Membedakan Satu Pemain Dengan Pemain Yang Lain... 311
2.1.3 Menggambarkan Karakter Tokoh ..................................... 312
2.1.4 Memberi Ruang Gerak Pemain ....................................... 313
2.1.5 Memberikan Efek Dramatik .............................................. 313
2.2 Jenis Tata Busana ........................................................... 314
2.2.1 Busana Sehari-hari .......................................................... 314
2.2.2 Busana Tradisional .......................................................... 314
2.2.3 Busana Sejarah ............................................................... 316
2.2.4 Busana Fantasi ................................................................ 316
2.3 Bahan dan Peralatan Tata busana .................................. 317
2.3.1 Bahan Tata Busana ......................................................... 317
2.3.1.1 Bahan Alami .................................................................... 318
2.3.1.2 Tekstil .............................................................................. 319
2.3.1.3 Busa ................................................................................ 319
2.3.1.4 Spon ................................................................................ 320
2.3.1.5 Kulit ................................................................................. 320
2.3.2 Peralatan Tata Busana .................................................... 321
2.4 Praktek Tata Busana ....................................................... 322
2.4.1 Menganalisis Naskah ...................................................... 323
2.4.2 Diskusi Dengan Sutradara dan Tim Artistik ..................... 323
2.4.3 Mengenal Tubuh Pemain ................................................ 324
2.4.4 Persiapan Pengadaan dan produksi ............................... 324
2.4.5 Persiapan Pementasan ................................................... 324
2.4.6 Desain ............................................................................. 324
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2.4.6.1 Desain Ilustrasi ................................................................. 324
2.4.6.2 Desain Produksi ............................................................... 326
2.4.7 Mengerjakan Busana ....................................................... 326
2.4.7.1 Teknik Draperi .................................................................. 326
2.4.7.2 Teknik Padu Padan .......................................................... 326
2.4.7.3 Teknik Produksi .............................................................. 326

3. Tata Cahaya .................................................................... 331
3.1 Fungsi Tata Cahaya ........................................................ 331
3.2 Peralatan Tata Cahaya .................................................... 334
3.2.1 Bohlam ............................................................................ 334
3.2.2 Reflektor dan Refleksi ..................................................... 335
3.2.3 Lensa ............................................................................... 340
3.2.4 Lampu (lantern) ................................................................ 341
3.2.4.1 Floodlight .......................................................................... 341
3.2.4.2 Scoop ............................................................................... 343
3.2.4.3 Fresnel ............................................................................. 344
3.2.4.4 Profile ............................................................................... 345
3.2.4.5 Pebble Convex ................................................................ 348
3.2.4.6 Follow Spot ...................................................................... 349
3.2.4.7 PAR.................................................................................. 350
3.2.4.8 Efek .................................................................................. 352
3.2.4.9 Practical ........................................................................... 352
3.2.5 Perlengkapan Pemasangan ............................................ 353
3.2.5.1 Bar dan Boom ................................................................. 353
3.2.5.2 Stand ............................................................................... 353
3.2.5.3 Clamp dan Bracket .......................................................... 354
3.2.6 Asesoris ........................................................................... 356
3.2.6.1 Filter ................................................................................ 356
3.2.6.2 Barndoor .......................................................................... 356
3.2.6.3 Iris .................................................................................... 357
3.2.6.4 Donut ................................................................................ 358
3.2.6.5 Gobo ................................................................................. 358
3.2.6.6 Snoot ................................................................................ 359
3.2.7 Dimmer dan Kontrol ......................................................... 360
3.3 Warna Cahaya .................................................................. 365
3.3.1 Pencampuran Warna ........................................................ 366
3.3.2 Refleksi Warna Cahaya .................................................... 368
3.4 Penyinaran ....................................................................... 371
3.4.1 Penyinaran Aktor ............................................................. 372
3.4.2 Penyinaran Area .............................................................. 373
3.5 Praktek Tata Cahaya ....................................................... 375
3.5.1 Mempelajari Naskah ........................................................ 376
3.5.2 Diskusi Dengan Sutradara .............................................. 377
3.5.3 Mempelajari Desain Tata Busana .................................... 378
3.5.4 Mempelajari Desain Tata Panggung ................................ 379
3.5.5 Memeriksa Panggung dan Perlengkapan ........................ 379
3.5.6 Menghadiri Latihan ........................................................... 379
3.5.7 Membuat Konsep ............................................................. 380
3.5.8 Plot Tata Cahaya .............................................................. 380
3.5.9 Gambar Desain Tata Cahaya ........................................... 383
3.5.10 Penataan dan Percobaan ................................................ 385
3.5.11 Pementasan ..................................................................... 386

4. Tata Panggung ................................................................. 387
4.1 Mempelajari Panggung ..................................................... 387
4.1.1 Jenis-jenis Panggung ....................................................... 387
4.1.1.1 Arena ................................................................................ 387
4.1.1.2 Proscenium ....................................................................... 389
4.1.1.3 Thrust ................................................................................391
4.1.2 Bagian-bagian Panggung ................................................. 392
4.2 Fungsi Tata Panggung ..................................................... 395
4.2.1 Suasana dan Semangat Lakon ........................................ 395
4.2.2 Periode Sejarah Lakon .................................................... 397
4.2.3 Lokasi Kejadian ................................................................ 398
4.2.4 Status dan Karakter Peran ............................................... 398
4.2.5 Musim .............................................................................. 399
4.3 Elemen Komposisi ........................................................... 399
4.3.1 Garis ................................................................................. 400
4.3.2 Bentuk .............................................................................. 400
4.3.3 Warna ............................................................................... 401
4.3.4 Cahaya ............................................................................. 403
4.4 Praktek Tata Panggung ................................................... 403
4.4.1 Mempelajari Naskah ......................................................... 403
4.4.2 Diskusi Dengan Sutradara ................................................ 404
4.4.3 Menghadiri Latihan ........................................................... 406
4.4.4 Mempelajari Panggung .................................................... 407
4.4.5 Membuat Gambar Rancangan ......................................... 408
4.4.6 Penyesuaian Akhir ........................................................... 410
4.4.7 Membuat Maket ............................................................... 412
4.4.8 Pengerjaan ...................................................................... 414

5. Tata Suara ....................................................................... 416
5.1 Teknik Penataan Suara ................................................... 417
5.1.1 Teknik Mikking ................................................................. 418
5.1.2 Teknik Balancing ............................................................. 418
5.1.3 Teknik Mixing .................................................................. 419
5.1.4 Teknik Reccording ........................................................... 419
5.2 Fungsi Tata Suara ............................................................ 419
5.3 Jenis Tata Suara ............................................................. 420
5.3.1 Live ................................................................................. 420
5.3.2 Rekaman .......................................................................... 421
5.3.2.1 Rekaman Basah .............................................................. 421
5.3.2.2 Rekaman Kering .............................................................. 422
5.4 Peralatan Tata Suara ...................................................... 422
5.4.1 Mikrofon ...................................................................... 422
5.4.1.1 Tipe Mikrofon .................................................................. 422
5.4.1.2 Karakteristik Mikrofon ... ................................................. 424
5.4.2 Audio Mixer ..................................................................... 426
5.4.3 Audio Player/Recorder .................................................... 430
5.4.4 Audio Equalizer ............................................................... 430
5.4.5 Expander/Compresor dan Limiter ................................... 431
5.4.6 Power Amplifier ............................................................... 431
5.4.7 Audio Speaker Monitor ..................................................... 431
5.5 Praktek Tata Suara .......................................................... 432
5.5.1 Persiapan ......................................................................... 432
5.5.2 Penataan ......................................................................... 432
5.5.3 Pengecekan ..................................................................... 437
5.6. Perawatan Peralatan Audio ............................................. 437

PENUTUP ....................................................................................... 438
Lampiran
Daftar Pustaka ................................................................................. A
Glosarium ....................................................................................... B