Buku Biologi 2 Kelas 11 SMA

Materi Biologi 2

KATA SAMBUTAN ........................................................................................ iii
KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... iv
PETUNJUK PENGGUNAAN BUKU ............................................... ... v
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... vi

BAB 1 SEL ....................................................................................................... 1
A. Pengertian Sel ..................................................................................... 3
B . Beberapa Teori Mengenai Sel .......................................................... 4
C. Struktur dan Peranan Bagian-Bagian Sel ....................................... 5
D. Struktur Sel Tumbuhan dan Hewan ............................................... 16
E . Mekanisme Transpor Zat Melalui Membran ................................. 19
UJI KOMPETENSI..................................................................................... 30

BAB 2 JARINGAN TUMBUHAN DAN HEWAN .................................. 31
A. Jaringan Tumbuhan ........................................................................... 33
B . Organ Tumbuhan ............................................................................... 56
C. Kultur Jaringan ................................................................................... 67
D. Jaringan Hewan .................................................................................. 69
E . Organ .................................................................................................... 80
F. Sistem Organ ....................................................................................... 81
UJI KOMPETENSI..................................................................................... 88

BAB 3 SISTEM GERAK MANUSIA ......................................................... 89
A. Letak dan Fungsi Rangka ................................................................. 91
B . Macam-Macam Tulang dan Stukturnya ......................................... 93
C. Sistem Rangka Manusia ..................................................................... 96
D. Perkembangan Tulang....................................................................... 103
E . Hubungan Antartulang ..................................................................... 105
F. Kelainan Tulang .................................................................................. 108
G . Otot ....................................................................................................... 112
H . Jenis-Jenis Otot dan Karakteristiknya ............................................ 115
I. Mekanisme Kerja Otot ....................................................................... 118
J . Kelainan pada Otot ............................................................................ 120
UJI KOMPETENSI..................................................................................... 126

BAB 4 SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH ................................................... 127
A. Darah Manusia .................................................................................... 129
B . Golongan Darah Manusia ................................................................. 138
C. Transfusi Darah .................................................................................. 142
D. Alat-Alat Peredaran Darah .............................................................. 144
E . Macam-Macam Peredaran Darah .................................................... 151
F. Peredaran Getah Bening (Limfa) .................................................... 151
G . Gangguan/Kelainan pada Sistem Peredaran Darah .................... 153
H . Peredaran Darah pada Hewan ........................................................ 156
I . Sistem Imunitas Tubuh ...................................................................... 160
UJI KOMPETENSI..................................................................................... 174
ULANGAN BLOK 1 ........................................................................................ 175

BAB 5 SISTEM PENCERNAAN ................................................................ 177
A. Sistem Pencernaan Manusia .............................................................. 179
B . Zat Makanan ....................................................................................... 198
C. Gangguan pada Sistem Pencernaan ................................................ 216
E . Sistem Pencernaan pada Ruminansia .............................................. 217
UJI KOMPETENSI..................................................................................... 224

BAB 6 SISTEM PERNAPASAN................................................................. 225
A. Respirasi pada Manusia ..................................................................... 227
B . Struktur dan Fungsi Pernapasan Manusia ..................................... 230
C. Proses Pernapasan Manusia .............................................................. 235
D. Mekanisme Pernapasan ..................................................................... 237
E . Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Frekuensi Pernapasan......... 240
F. Volume Udara Pernapasan ............................................................... 242
G . Proses Pertukaran Oksigen dan Karbondioksida.......................... 245
H . Pernapasan Buatan ............................................................................. 247
I . Kelainan-Kelainan pada Sistem Pernapasan .................................. 248
J . Sistem Pernapasan Pada Hewan Tertentu/Burung ..................... 251
UJI KOMPETENSI..................................................................................... 256

BAB 7 SISTEM EKSKRESI......................................................................... 257
A. Sistem Ekskresi pada Manusia ......................................................... 259
B . Sistem Ekskresi pada Ikan ................................................................ 278
C. Sistem Ekskresi pada Serangga (Belalang) .................................... 279
UJI KOMPETENSI..................................................................................... 284

BAB 8 SISTEM KOORDINASI DAN ALAT INDRA MANUSIA.......... 285
A. Sistem Saraf Manusia ......................................................................... 287
B . Gerak Refleks...................................................................................... 303
C. Obat-Obatan Psikotropika ................................................................ 306
D. Kelainan Fungsi Saraf ........................................................................ 307
E . Sistem Endokrin ................................................................................. 307
F. Alat Indra ............................................................................................ 314
UJI KOMPETENSI..................................................................................... 332

BAB 9 SISTEM REPRODUKSI.................................................................. 333
A. Reproduksi pada Laki-Laki .............................................................. 335
B . Reproduksi pada Wanita .................................................................. 342
C. Kelainan yang Terjadi pada Organ Reproduksi ........................... 357
UJI KOMPETENSI..................................................................................... 363
ULANGAN BLOK 2 ........................................................................................ 364
KUNCI JAWABAN .......................................................................................... 367

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 368
DAFTAR GAMBAR DAN TABEL ............................................................... 369
GLOSARIUM .................................................................................................... 374
INDEKS SUBJEK DAN PENGARANG ..................................................... 379