Buku Geologi Dasar Kelas 10 SMK

Materi Geologi Dasar

DAFTAR ISI
Kata Pengantar ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 3
A. Struktur Dalam Bumi ................................ ................................ ............................ 7
B. Kerak bumi ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 7
1. Selimut Bumi ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 8
2. Inti Bumi ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 10
C. Batuan pembentuk litosfer ................................ ................................ ............ 10
1. Batuan Beku ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 11
2. Batuan sedimen ................................ ................................ .............................. 11
3. Batuan malihan ................................ ................................ ............................... 12
D. Siklus pembentukan batuan ................................ ................................ ......... 12
E. Pemanfaatan Litosfer ................................ ................................ ......................... 13
A. Definisi Mineral ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 15
B. Sifat Fisik Mineral ................................ ................................ ............................... 15
1. Warna ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 16
2. Kilap (luster) ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 19
3. Cerat atau Gores (streak) ................................ ................................ ............. 24
4. Belahan (cleavage) ................................ ................................ ........................ 26
5. Pecahan (fracture) ................................ ................................ ......................... 29
6. Kekerasan (hardness) ................................ ................................ ................... 31
7. Sifat Dalam (Tenacity) ................................ ................................ ................... 33
C. Mineral Silikat ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 37
D. Mineral Non Silikat ................................ ................................ ......................... 38
E. Deskripsi Mineral ................................ ................................ ................................ 40
A. Pengenalan Geologi ................................ ................................ .......................... 87
B. Sekilas Sejarah Geologi ................................ ................................ .................... 89
C. Katatrofisme ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 90
D. Lahirnya Geologi Modern ................................ ................................ .............. 90
E. Metode Penelitian Ilmiah ................................ ................................ ................... 91
Waktu Geologi dan Tabel Waktu Geologi ................................ ...................... 92
G. KRISTAL ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 94
A. Gaya -Gaya Geologi ................................ ................................ ......................... 122
1. Tenaga Endogen ................................ ................................ ............................. 122
2. Tenaga Eksogen ................................ ................................ .............................. 125
B. Bentuk muka bumi di daratan ................................ ................................ ......... 125
1. Gunung ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 126
2. Pegunungan ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 126
A. Gerak Orogenetik ................................ ................................ ............................. 128
B. Gerak epirogenetik ................................ ................................ ........................... 130
A. Pegunungan ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 133
1. Pegunungan Lipatan ................................ ................................ ....................... 133
2. Pegunungan oleh pengangkatan kerak bumi ................................ ............ 133
3. Pegunungan Sisa ................................ ................................ ............................. 134
4. Dataran Tinggi ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 134
5. Dataran Rendah ................................ ................................ ............................... 135
B. Bentuk Muka Bumi di Lautan ................................ ................................ .......... 135
C. Denudasi ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 137
A. Magmatik dan Vul -kanisme ................................ ................................ ............ 138
1. Gejala vulkanisme ................................ ................................ .......................... 138
2. Intrusi magma ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 138
3. Ekstrusi magma ................................ ................................ ............................... 139
B. Manfaat dan kerugian vulkanisme ................................ ................................ . 144
A. Pelapukan fisik dan mekanik ................................ ................................ .......... 147
B. Pelapukan organik ................................ ................................ ............................... 149
C. Pelapukan kimiawi ................................ ................................ .............................. 149
A. Bentang Alam Akibat Proses Erosi ................................ ................................ 152